In the 18th century, much of Wales’s growing wealth was linked to slavery in the West Indies. Welsh people, places and industries played a significant role, from figures such as Captain Morgan and Iolo Morganwg, to towns including Swansea and Merthyr Tydfil, and industries ranging from ironworks to woollen manufacture.

William Wilberforce, MP for Yorkshire, campaigned tirelessly—against strong opposition—for the abolition of the slave trade, achieved in 1807. However, Wales continued to benefit economically from slavery for many years afterwards. Copper mined in Cuba was shipped to Swansea, the world’s leading copper-smelting centre, while Merthyr iron, Welsh coal, slate and woollen textiles all fed into the Atlantic slave economy. “Welsh plains” cloth was used to clothe enslaved workers in the New World, and Welsh slate roofed buildings used to house enslaved people in the West Indies.

In this fascinating talk, Dr Graham Cope, a Cowbridge U3A member, explores the crucial role played by Welsh industries in sustaining and fuelling slavery in the West Indies.